It is clear from the above that the ground reaction forces reflect accelerations of the body's centre of mass. They are not, as many wrongly people believe, influenced by changes in footwear. This is illustrated in the following set of curves taken from a subject walking three times barefoot and shod, then walking like Groucho Marx (minimal vertical accelerations) and as if on the moon (large vertical accelerations).
It can be seen that there are no significant differences in the curves according to footwear, but considerable differences when trunk accelerations are modified.
I came across your theory of the "Origin of ground reaction forces"
while
searching for somewhat similar data.
I am an engineer at Blue Giant. We manufacture material handling
equipment
used in factories and warehouses. One of our products is a mechanical
dock
leveler that bridges the gap between a tractor-trailer and the factory
floor. The ramp is mechanically raised by the use of springs
under the
dock. A lip then extends to bridge the gap. Personnel must
walk up the
ramp in order to bring the lip down to the truck bed. When doing
this they
must overcome the strength of extension springs under the dock.
Sometimes a lighter person has trouble forcing the deck downwards because
they are not heavy enough. They must walk further along the dock
and
sometimes bounce downward to get it moving downward. They should
never be
jumping, but what they do is bend their knees quickly, producing a
slight
acceleration of their upper body, and hence more force on the dock.
I am
having trouble determining the force somebody can produce by performing
this
motion. We have a scale that I have bounced on but the response
time is not
good enough to get a proper reading of force. Reading your reaction
forces
article, it seems as though you might have or be able to direct me
to, info
on producing a force greater than your body mass by quickly bending
at the
knees.
You can call by phone or e-mail me.
Thank-you for your consideration.
Andy Erjavec
Blue Giant Limited
1-800-668-7078
ext 291
I have been trying to interpret the GRF tracings during the stance phase
of gait and have found
what appears to be conflicting information from the CGA website.
I will do my best to present this information as clearly and completely as possible.
In your "The origins of ground reaction forces" /faq/grfs.html,
it states the following:
An upwards acceleration (as occurs at push-off) will be reflected in an
increase in the vertical load (weight) recorded, while a downwards
acceleration (as occurs
during mid-stance) will reduce the effective body weight.
I am not clear regarding the downward acceleration occurring at midstance,
that would evidently
be the source of the reduced bodyweight and the midstance valley.
In an additional CGA posting, from Kinematic Definitions, it states
and there is an
illustration that represents the fact that the COM actually moves upwards
during midstance and
is higher in midstance than anywhere else during the normal gait cycle.
(
/teach-in/kinematics.html)
I seem to have difficulty trying to reason this out, (it probably should
not be that
difficult), yet I continue to struggle. Any information that
would help me clear this up and
assist in my understanding of these GRF's would be greatly appreciated.
In addition, I have
looked for textbooks that explain the use and interpretation of force
plates but have not been
satisfied with what I have found. A few that I have looked through
are Perry, Whittle,
Durward, and several general Biomechanics textbooks. Are there
any texts that you would
recommend?
Thank you for your time in addressing these issues.
Dear Kurt,
No discrepancy - you're just getting mixed up between position and
acceleration. Displacement, velocity and accelerarion are always 90
degrees out of phase. Velocity is the slope of the displacement, and
acceleration the slope of the velocity. Think of it in stages (see
attached fig.):
1. When displacement is rising
2. When displacement is highest
3. When displacementis falling
4. When displacement is lowest
Chris
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